o neill



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. G. ONEILL.

GAS LAMP.

No. 344,195. atented-June 22, 1886.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

H'. G. ONEILL.

GASLAMP,

Patented June 22, 1886.

WITNESSES (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

- H. G. ONEILL.

GAS LAMP.

2 0. 344,19 Patent-9 une 22, 1886.

WHEN"! H il mifiiimur WITNESSES (No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. H. G.ONEILL.

GAS LAMP.

No. 344,195. Patented June 22, 1886.

W1 TJVES'SES W440 NITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

HENRY ONEILL, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE PLATINUM LIGHTCOMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

GASV-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 344,195, dated June 22,1886.

Application filed March 29, 1886.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY G. ONEILL, a citizen of the UnitedStates,residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State ofOhio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps; and Ido declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon,which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of my lamp. Fig. 2 isavertical section of same. Fig. 3 is a perspective View of the innerpart of the burner, its jet-tubes, draftchimney, and the tubesurrounding the same. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal sections of thetubular portion of the burner, taken on the lines a; :0, y y, and z z ofFig. 1. Fig. 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the vaporizingattachment. Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 are detail views. Fig. 12is amodification. Fig. 13 is a plan view, partly in section, of thespring-holder. Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of outside lamp, andFig. 15 is a side ele vation of same. 7

This invention relates to improvements in gas and oil burning apparatus,and is especially adapted to utilize the varying qualities of gas, fromwhatever source, from the rich seventy-candle-power oil-gas, to thepoorest qualities of carbureted or sulphureted hydrogen or natural gas.It is also well adapted to utilize every grade of petroleum, crude orrefined, for the purpose of illumination.

Ihe object of the invention is to produce a pure, white, smokeless, andeconomical light, that will cast no shadow from the lamp apparatusoutward or downward, and very little above a light of universaladaptation, save and except for submarine uses.

In carrying out this invention I have constructed a lamp which isdesigned to operate the gas or vapor employed therein by successiveexpansions and attenuations at regular and necessary pressure, so thatitis discharged for burning in a minute state of atomic separation orsubdivision between two heated streams of atmospheric oxygen around asuitable deflector adapted to convert into second- Serial No.196,975.(No model.)

ary light the direct heat resulting from the combustionof the gas andair, the waste heat of the products of combustion being utilized for theregenerative function of the lamp.

. The mode in which the principle indicated is carried out is designedto multiply the volume of gas according to the law governing theexpansion of gaseous bodies, and thus from actual increase in bulk toobtain greater service and consequent economy; to heat and reheat thegas in expanded formthatis to say, in attenuated condition, or minutestate of atomic subdivision or-separation-by contact with extendedheated surfaces provided by the series of expansion and equalizingchambers, so that every particle of carbon becomes equally andthoroughly heated throughout the volume of gas as it descends to theburner, and to increase the temperature of the gas and its attenuationto such a degree that as soon as it comes in contact with the heated airatthe point of combustion it is at once rendered incandescent, eachparticle of carbon glowing with a white light. It is also designed toutilize all the carbon of the gas by the conditions hereinbeforeexplained, and by the regularity of pressure effected by theequalizingchambers, which prevent waste of gas and smoke,an d obviatethe necessity of a governor, and, finally, by this lamp not only is thecandle-power of the carbon increased, but also the temperature of theflame is raised, and this increase of flame temperature is convertedinto a secondary source of light by the ineandescent deflector, aroundwhich the flame burns. No matter what the nature or quality of the gasconsumed may be, the light pro duced therefrom by this lamp is alwaysgood, although varying in candle-power, as the gas is rich in carbon.The lamp does not become blocked up or clogged in its chambers ortubes,and whether gas is burned therein or oil, or gas and oil combined, orgas enriched by any solid or liquid hydrocarbon, the same process isinvolved, except that the oil orsolid hydrocarbon should first beconverted into vapor I111 a cylindricalor other proper attachment to thelamp. In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the mainsupply to thclamp, whereby the gas or vapor is conveyed to the first orupper chamber, A.

5 before referred to.

5 circumferentially, for the purposes hereinafter referred to. Thishollow cylinder may be of cast-iron, its height being about six timesits diameter, and the thickness of its wall sufficient to carry heatupward from the burner to the chambers.

The upper chamber, A, is usually made in an independent part, which isattached to the cylinder B. This is the first distributing andequalizing chamber. Below it are the longitudinal heating and expansionpassages B, which extend to and open into the second distributing andequalizing chamber, 2. From this chamber down'ward the third series ofheating and expanding channel'sor passages; B", extend, terminatingbelow in the third distributionand equalization chamber, 3, whichextends circumferentially. The longitudinal heating-chambers of thisseries are more in number than those of the preceding series, in orderto accommodate the gas or vapor in its expanded form, andto reheatit forfurther exj the burner surrounding the tubes thereof are i madeair-passages G, which are covered with a metallic gauze, E, orperforated coverings, .which allow the air to pass through from thepansion, and the equalization-chamber is greater thanthat of thepreceding series, for similar reasons. Usually, for large lamps I preferto employ in the lower series a number of heating and expansion channelswhich is double that of the series preceding. Each succeeding series ofheating and expansion passages is made larger or greater in number,according to the 5 construction, to accommodate the volume of attenuatedgas as increased by the successive expansions. The last series ofheating and" expansion passages, B extend downward from the precedingequalizationchamber, and are arranged around the cylinder, terminatingbelow in the last equalizing-chamber, 4, which discharges through tubesto the burner. series of reheating and equalizing chambers may beincreased sometimes. or may belesswhereby the gas or vapor passing isheated and expanded regularly under pressure in the manner indicated.

Inorder to close the chamber above referred to, the cylinder is providedwith a jacket, a, of copper or other metal, which is fastened thereto;or the chambers in the. wall of the Q cylinder may be made by boring andcasting.

The object is to provide the longitudinal and circumferential gas-tightchambers. The outer jacket may be made of ornamental form exteriorly, orit may be incased in an outer covering of porcelain, glass, or othermaterial. The lower endof the cylinder B is connected to that part ofthelamp constituting the burnor portion usually by threads; and to thelower portion of the jacket a is connected the part 0 of the lamp, andinthis manner may be formed the last equalization-chamber, herein- At thepoint D in the lower portion of the burner D, in the projecting flangearound the outer circumference of The .is usually made adjustable upwardand downened, provided the conditions are maintained poses in View.

the part D, are inserted tubes T, of copper or other suitable metal,which pass through one or moresupporti ng annular plates or rings, andusually terminate in a burner-ring, D which is between the burner-lips LL, annular interspaees being left between the lips and the burner-ringor the mouths of the burner-tubes on each side, as indicated, for thepassage of air. D designates the lower portion of the burner D, arrangedwith the necessary tubes in proper position and connected with thecylinder 13, as above stated.

Around the outer circumference of the burner is a peripheral band orflange, C

forming abearing on its upper side for the shell G of the air-chamber Gand also forming, in connection with suitable packing, a

i bearing on its under surface for the globe V, which must be air-tight.-complished' by using a packing or gasket of asbestus on the flange andproviding snitable fastenings onthe globe.

This is usually ac- Those which I preferare spring-fastenings'made ofphosphorbronze, which will stand the high temperature of the parts.

Through the burner-shell to the chamber of outer air-chamber and heat itat the same time thoroughly, while preventing its inrush ingusts. Thegauze steadies and equali'zes the draft of air to the bnrner,and at thesame time raises its temperature to a high degree.

I sometimes form in the burner-shell windows, as at 0, these beingclosed with mica or glass, and serving to permit the upward passage ofthe light from the flame, and thereby reducing the shadow above the lampin amaterial degree.

F represents a refractory deflector, which ward within the cylinder D,comprising the lower portion of the burner. This cylinder is providedwith adjusting devices for the pur- Usually I employ the series ofcircumferential grooves D, in connection with communicating longitudinalgrooves D these grooves corresponding to the lugs or projectionsjF ofthe deflector. This deflector, or that portion of the same which comesin immediate contact with the flame,should be of some durable substancecapable of being rendered incandescent by heat, and should be upon somenon-conducting base, so that the direct heat, instead of being conveyedto the body of the burner, may be utilized and converted into asecondary source of light, whereby i'tis designed to fill, intensify,and round I out the direct light of the flame itself. I prefer inpractice to use a base of asbestus, mica, or asbestus and mica combined,covered withplatinum in foil, gauze, or fine-wire form, or withasolntion of the nitro-muriate or chloride of platinum; or I may employsteatit'e, lava, talc, or soapstone, likewise coated.

The globe V requires to be carefully annealed, and should be of clearglass.

When the lamp is to be used out of doors, an ornamented canopy isemployed above to keep off the rain; and usually I provide, inconnection with the supply-pipe, a gas-cock, X, with by-pass, which iscontrolled by a lever and chains or otherwise, the object being tofacilitate lighting the lamp without removing the globe, if it should bepreferred.

In Fig. 12 I have illustrated another arrangement of the by-pass cock,and in Fig. 13 another device for holding the globe in position, thesame being a sliding or adjust-able spring-holder operating inconnection with arms of thelampframe.

For outdoor-lampsIusuallyprovideastormprotector and ventilator withcanopy to keep out rain or snow, and to prevent the wind from rushingdown the updraft or central passage of the cylinder B. At the part K aflange or collar is provided ,to which is attached the protector d,which is usually double-walled, its under surface serving as areflector, its upper wall as a water-shed, and interspaces between thetwo as an air-passage, where the air is taken into the lamp and warmedas it passes to the air-heating chamber. The mouth or mouths of theseair-passages are guarded with wiregauze, to assist in heating the air,to regulate its admission, and prevent gusts, and Iusually employ inoutdoor lamps two globesan outer or protective globe, g, in addition tothe inner or main globe, V. The outer orprotective globe may be attachedto the reflector, or toadescendingskirt of the reflector, as shown, sothat wind will not enter the outer globe.

K indicates a vaporizing-chamber in which is placed the hydrocarbon.This chamber communicates with the vapor-chamber X above it by the pipeZ.

Y is an oil-supply, which may sometimes be employed for the vaporizingattachment.

The vaporizing attachment may be applied above the cylinder B on thesupply-pipe, and the heat of the cylinder utilized to vaporize the oilor solid hydrocarbon placed therein, and when advisable desulphurizingand purifying substances may be used in such chamber, and the gas may bepassed through the same, and when the lamp is to be used with gaseswhich have much sulphur in their compositionsit is designed to coat thegas-passages of the lamp with enamel or iridium, or other substancewhich is not liable to be corroded by the action of the sulphur or otherimpurity. The hydrocarbon vaporized by the heat of the pipe andburner-tube and mixed with gas in the chamber .X, or alone, descendsthrough the pipe A through the passages and chambers of the burner. Theprinciples herein described may also be used for purposes of heating andventilating.

The deflector may be adjusted to present more or less surface below theburner-lips, also, by means of a threaded feed in the in terior wall ofthe burner. This adjustment of the deflector is sometimes important, onaccount of the varying specific gravities of the different grades of gasor vapor in use, presenting. according to circumstances, varying areasof flame to obviate the loss of gas in smoke, and to secure the maximumilluminating-power. 4 Having described this invention, what I claim, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. In a lamp, the combination, with a central metallic tubulardraft-chimney and an exterior air-chamber around the same, of an annularburner directed downward below the,

same, having annular air-outlets interior and exterior to the annulargas or vapor outlet or outlets, series of longitudinal gas-heating andexpansive passages one above another alternating with series oftransverse distributing and equalizing chambers, said passages andchambers being located between the escape-flue and the passage for theincoming air, whereby the gas or vapors are delivered to the burner,arefractory deflector adapted to be brought to incandesccnce by thetemperature of the flame, and an air-tight globe inclosing the burner below, substantially as specified.

2. In an incandescent lamp, the body of the incandescent consisting of arefractory base coated with platinum or platinum salt, substantially asspecified.

3. In an incandescent lamp, the body ofthe incandescent of soapstonecoated with platinum, substantially as specified.

4. The combination, with an incandescing lamp having gasheating chambersand airheatingchamber delivering to the burner at its lower 1 end, ofthe vaporizing attachment above adapted to be operated by the conveyedheat from the flame below, substantially as specified.

' In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

HENRY c. ONEIIJL.

Vitnesses: V

THEO. MUNGEN, PHILIP G. Mast.

ICC

